Failure to Distinguish Among Competing Hypotheses

Migration and Fertility: Competing Hypotheses Re-examined

Is it me or the world? 16-month-olds distinguish competing hypotheses about the cause of failed interventions

When an agent fails to make an object function properly, there are two possibilities: the agent did something wrong or something is wrong with the object. As in all problems of confounding, these hypotheses can be disambiguated by varying one factor and holding the other constant: in this case, either by holding the object constant and varying the agent (e.g., by asking for help from others) or...

Aggression among children with ADHD, anxiety, or co-occurring symptoms: competing exacerbation and attenuation hypotheses.

Competing hypotheses for explaining the role of anxiety in the relation between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and childhood aggression were evaluated. Two studies tested whether anxiety exacerbated, attenuated, or had no effect on the relation between ADHD and aggression subtypes among psychiatrically hospitalized children. In Study 1 (N = 99), children who scored abo...

A multinomial-dirichlet model for analysis of competing hypotheses.

Analysis of competing hypothesis, a method for evaluating explanations of observed evidence, is used in numerous fields, including counterterrorism, psychology, and intelligence analysis. We propose a Bayesian extension of the methodology, posing the problem in terms of a multinomial-Dirichlet hierarchical model. The yet-to-be observed true hypothesis is regarded as a multinomial random variabl...

Statistical tests between competing hypotheses of Hox cluster evolution.

The Hox genes encode transcription factors that play vital roles in the anterior-posterior patterning of all bilaterian phyla studied to date. Additionally, the gain of Hox genes by duplication has been widely implicated as a driving force in the evolution of animal body plans. Because of this, reconstructing the evolution of the Hox cluster has been the focus of intense research interest. It h...